I often get asked, “What is a power of attorney?” A power of attorney is a document that authorizes your chosen individual to act on your behalf when you cannot act for yourself. Generally, it’s affective at the time of your incapacity, or at a specific event of your choice. Your power of attorney can be revoked by you at any time, or it is automatically revoked at your death. Most importantly, you should select a power of attorney agent with great care and you must have a tremendous amount of confidence in that individual.

Yes. Portability must be elected on a timely-filed federal estate tax return. This is the case even though a federal estate tax return would not otherwise be required, such as if the estate of the deceased spouse is below the threshold for federal estate taxation.

Portability is where the surviving spouse can use the amount of federal estate tax exclusion that their deceased spouse left unused at their death. Portability has been part of the law since 2011, though it was temporary until 2013.

A state estate tax is a tax levied by a state government upon the estate of a deceased person. It is levied in much the same way as the federal estate tax. A state inheritance tax is a tax levied by a state government that varies depending upon the relationship of the inheritor to the deceased person. Many states have a separate state estate or inheritance tax which kicks in at a lower level than that of the federal government.

The federal estate tax is a tax levied by the federal government upon the estate of a deceased person. The federal government gives certain exclusions and deductions and then taxes everything above a set level.

YES, but you would be better off choosing an attorney whose practice is focused on estate planning. Members of the American Academy of Estate Planning Attorneys receive continuing legal education on the latest changes in laws affecting estate planning, allowing them to stay on top of the latest laws and techniques to help you meet your needs.

I’m often asked, “Is a revocable living trust only for the rich?”. The answer is no. Revocable living trusts are for anyone who wants to protect his or her family from probate court, probate fees, and estate taxes. If you own a home, or several pieces of property, you absolutely need a trust. More importantly, a trust protects your assets from Medi-Cal recovery. It also protects your children and your other beneficiaries from creditors and possibly divorced judgements.

NO. The Living Trust has been authorized by the law for centuries. The government really has no interest in making you or your family suffer a probate that will only further clog up the legal system. A Living Trust avoids probate so that your estate is settled exactly according to your wishes.

YES. In fact, all real estate should be transferred into your Living Trust. Otherwise, upon your death, depending on how you hold the title, there will be a death probate in every state in which you hold real property. When your real property is owned by your Living Trust, there is no probate anywhere.

NO. The purpose of creating a Living Trust is to avoid living probate, death probate, and reduce or even eliminate state and federal estate taxes. It’s not a vehicle for reducing income taxes. In fact, if you’re the trustee of your Living Trust, you will file your income tax returns exactly as you filed them before the trust existed. There are no new returns to file and no new liabilities are created.

YES. In fact, people who create most Living Trusts act as their own trustees. If you are married, you and your spouse can act as co-trustees. And you will have absolute and complete control over all of the assets in your Trust. In the event of a mentally disabling condition, your hand-picked successor trustee, not the court’s appointee, assumes control over your affairs.

Unfortunately, you would be subject to “living probate,” also known as a conservatorship or guardianship proceeding. If you become mentally disabled before you die, the probate court will appoint someone to take control of your assets and personal affairs. These “court-appointed agents” must file a strict accounting of your finances with the court. The process is often expensive, time-consuming and humiliating.

A Will is a legal document that describes how your assets should be distributed in the event of death. The actual distribution, however, is controlled by a legal process called probate, which is Latin for “prove the Will.” Upon your death, the Will becomes a public document available for inspection by all comers. And, once your Will enters the probate process, it’s no longer controlled by your family, but by the court and probate attorneys. Probate can be cumbersome, time-consuming, expensive, and emotionally traumatic during a family’s time of grief and vulnerability. Con artists and others with less-than-pure financial motives have been known to use their knowledge about the contents of a Will to prey on survivors. A Living Trust avoids probate because your property is owned by the Trust, so technically there’s nothing for the probate courts to administer. Whomever you name as your “successor trustee” gains control of your assets and distributes them exactly according to your instructions. There is one other crucial difference: A Will doesn’t take effect until your death, and is therefore no help to you during lifetime planning, an increasingly important consideration since Americans are now living longer. A Living Trust can help you preserve and increase your estate while you’re alive, and offers protection should you become mentally disabled.

YES. But your family may not like it. The government’s estate plan is called “Intestate Probate” and guarantees government interference in the disposition of your estate. Documents must be filed and approval must be received from a court to pay your bills, pay your spouse an allowance, and account for your property–and it all takes place in the public’s view. If you fail to plan your estate, you lose the opportunity to protect your family from an impersonal, complex, governmental process that can become a nightmare. Then there is the matter of the state and federal government’s death taxes. There is much you can do in planning your estate that will reduce and even eliminate death taxes, but you don’t suppose the government’s estate plan is designed to save your estate from taxes, do you? While some estate planners favor Wills and others prefer a Living Trust as the estate plan of choice, all estate planners agree that dying without an estate plan should be avoided at all costs.

Most of us spend a considerable amount of time and energy in our lives accumulating wealth. With this, there comes a time to preserve wealth both for enjoyment and future generations. A solid, effective estate plan ensures that your hard-earned wealth will remain intact as it passes to your beneficiaries, instead of being siphoned off to government processes and bureaucrats.

The probate process can be a lengthy, and complex, process that involves a number of legal and financial concepts with which the average person may not be familiar. For this reason alone, most Personal Representatives do retain an experienced estate planning attorney to help them during the probate process.

When the decedent’s Last Will and Testament is submitted to the court for probate, any interested party has the right to challenge the validity of the Will by filing a Will contest. Contrary to popular belief, a Will contest cannot be filed solely on the basis that the contestant is unhappy with his/her inheritance (or lack thereof). If a valid Will contest is filed, the Personal Representative of the estate must defend the Will throughout the ensuing litigation. Basically, the probate process comes to a halt while the contest is litigated. If the contest is successful, the Will is declared invalid and the court looks for another valid Will or the estate is probated as an intestate estate. If the contest is unsuccessful, probate resumes using the Will submitted to the court.

The amount of time it takes to get through the probate process can vary widely in California; however, it will take at least four months because creditors are given that long to file claims against the estate. As a general rule, the more valuable and/or complex the estate assets are, the longer it takes to probate an estate.

Although no two estates follow the exact same path through the probate process, there are some common steps, including:

• Identifying, locating, securing, and valuing estate assets
• Opening probate – usually in the county in which the decedent was a resident at the time of death.
• Notifying creditors that probate is underway.
• Reviewing creditor claims and approving or denying each claim.
• Calculating and paying any state and/or federal tax due.
• Transferring the remaining assets to the intended beneficiaries/heirs of the estate.

If the decedent left behind a Will, the individual named as the Executor in the Will is in charge of administering the estate during the probate process. If the decedent died intestate, any competent adult may volunteer to be the Personal Administrator if the estate. If no one volunteers, the court will appoint someone.

When someone dies without leaving behind a valid Last Will and Testament, the individual is said to have died “intestate.” Dying intestate does not avoid probate. Instead, the assets in an intestate estate are distributed according to the California intestate succession laws, meaning only close relatives will inherit from the estate in most cases.

No. One of the first things that must be done during the probate process is to determine which assets are probate assets and which assets are non-probate assets. Non-probate assets bypass the probate process and may be distributed to the intended beneficiary immediately. Common examples of non-probate assets include:

• Assets held in a trust
• Proceeds of a life insurance policy
• Certain types of jointly help property
• Assets held in an account with a “payable on death (POD)” or a “transfer on death (TOD)” designation
• Certain retirement, pension accounts

Formal probate is not always required. In the State of California, a simplified method of transferring estate assets may be available if the estate assets are valued at less than $150,000 and they do not include real property, such as a house. If you are legally entitled to inherit the property, and the estate qualified, you may be able to use an affidavit to transfer ownership of the assets to you.

When an individual dies, that person leaves behind an estate consisting of all assets owned by the decedent at the time of death. Probate is the legal process that ultimately leads to transferring those assets to the intended beneficiaries and/or heirs of the estate.

Medi-Cal planning utilizes legal tools and strategies within your larger estate plan to protect your assets and ensure that you qualify for Medi-Cal when the times comes that you need help paying for LTC. A common Medi-Cal strategy involves the use of an irrevocable Medicaid trust to shelter your assets. Your estate planning attorney can review your asset portfolio and help you decide the best tools and strategies for your situation.

Fortunately, the Medi-Cal spousal impoverishment rules prevent this from happening. If you need to enter a LTC facility, an allowance is made for your “community spouse” when calculating your eligibility to ensure that he/she is not left without any income and/or resources. Your spouse may be able to keep both resources and part of your monthly income, depending on your spouse’s income.

If your non-exempt assets exceed the program limit, Medi-Cal will impose a waiting period during which time you will be expected to “spend-down” your non-exempt assets. In simple terms, Medi-Cal wants you to sell your assets and use the proceeds to cover your LTC costs during the waiting period. The length of the waiting period is determined by taking the value of your assets that exceeds the limit and dividing by the average monthly cost of LTC in your area. For example, if you have $150,000 in non-exempt assets, the amount over the limit is $148,000. Assuming an average monthly cost for LTC of $9,500, you would divide $148,000/$9,500 = 15.6, resulting in a 16 month waiting period before Medi-Cal would consider you eligible for benefits.

Once upon a time this was possible; however, Medi-Cal closed that loophole by implementing a five-year “look-back” rule. The rule allows Medi-Cal to review an applicant’s finances for the five-year period leading up to application. Any asset transfers made for less than fair market value will be suspect and may be discounted, meaning the value of the asset will be imputed back into the applicant’s assets for purposes of determining eligibility.

When determining your eligibility, only non-exempt assets are considered. Examples of exempt assets include:

• Your primary residence
• Household goods and furnishings
• One vehicle
• Term life insurance
• Burial plot

Along with some basic requirements, such as U.S. citizenship (or legal status) and proof of California residency, you will need to meet Medi-Cal’s income and asset requirements to be eligible for Medi-Cal for the aged benefits. The income limit varies, depending on where you live, your household size, and the specific program within Medi-Cal for which you are applying. The asset limit is where most seniors run into problems if they failed to plan ahead. As a general rule, an applicant cannot have non-exempt, or “countable resources,” valued at more than $2000.

As you age, the likelihood that you will need long-term care (LTC) increases with each passing year. The cost of that care may cause you to turn to Medi-Cal for help. As of 2016, the average cost of a month of LTC in California was over $9,000 and the average length of stay about 2.5 years. Neither Medicare nor most basic health insurance plans will pay for LTC expenses. Unless you can afford to pay out of pocket, that leaves Medi-Cal as your only option because Medi-Cal does pay for LTC.

People often confuse the two or use the names interchangeably despite the fact that they are two very different programs. Both Medi-Cal and Medicare are federally funded healthcare programs; however, the similarities stop there. Medicare is an “entitlement” program, meaning that as long as you worked and paid into the program you are “entitled” to benefits when you turn 65 years old. You will automatically be enrolled in Medicare. Basic Medicare is free; however, there are four parts to Medicare and if you choose to participate in the additional parts you will pay a premium each month. Medi-Cal is a “needs” based program, meaning you must demonstrate a financial “need” for benefits to be eligible. If you qualify, participation in Medi-Cal is free.

Medi-Cal is the name for California’s Medicaid program. Medicaid is a healthcare program that provides coverage for low income individuals and families as well as the aged and disabled.

While you are alive, you can act as a trustee of your trust and you can manage your estate. You will need to designate a successor trustee, such as a trusted and responsible family member or a trusted friend, to administer your trust at your death. Your chosen successor trustee should have business sense, and be responsible with money management, because he or she will be responsible for carrying out the wishes and desires that you’ve set out in your trust agreement.

Another question that I get is, “Can out of state properties be put into my trust?”. The answer is yes. The Collins Law Group is a member of the American Academy of Estate Planning Attorneys, a national organization with attorney members coast to coast. So, if you have out of state properties, we do have a national network of attorneys who can assist us in making sure that your property is properly transferred into your trust.

My clients often ask me, “How long does it take to set up my living trust?”. Here at the Collins Law Group, we have a six-step planning process that generally involves three meetings taking place over the course of thirty days. Of course, we are sensitive to our clients needs, so if there’s a need to expedite the process, we can complete the trust work within the matter of days.

Here at the Collins Law Group, we are often asked, “Do I need an attorney to create my living trust?”. The answer is that it’s highly recommended that you get a licensed and qualified attorney who specializes in estate planning because estate planning is a complex area of the law. We do not recommend that you use any online resources to create your trust documents by yourself because what you want is a qualified and licensed attorney, or a law firm, to stand by your trust documents when you and you family need them the most.

I’ve also been asked, “What is a Conservatorship?”. Conservatorship is a court-supervised process that allows an individual to manage the affairs of an incapacitated person. I’d like to note again that any court-supervised process is a public process, a costly process and will most likely be a lengthy process.

My clients often ask me “Will my property taxes change if I create a trust?” In general in California the answer is no. When it comes to real property, like family homes or vacation homes, there is no change in who owns the property only how the property is owned, so this does not trigger a property tax change.

A trust can help achieve a wide range of estate planning goals, including:

• Avoiding probate
• Incapacity planning
• Asset protection
• Medicaid planning
• Planning for parents with minor children
• Special needs planning
• Pet planning

One of the most important decisions a Settlor must make when creating a trust is who to appoint as the Trustee. In fact, a common mistake people make is appointing a spouse or close friend as Trustee without taking the time to consider if that individual has the experienced and/or skills to successfully serve as the Trustee. Sometimes, appointing a professional Trustee is the better choice. The overall job of a Trustee is to manage and invest trust assets and to oversee the administration of the trust. Generally, the reason behind appointing the wrong person as Trustee is a lack of understanding of the numerous and varied duties and responsibilities of a Trustee, such as:

• Following all trust terms unless they are illegal or unconscionable.
• Communicating with beneficiaries.
• Resolving disputes among beneficiaries.
• Investing trust assets using the “prudent investor” standard.
• Managing trust assets.
• Distributing trust assets.
• Keeping trust records.
• Preparing and filing trust taxes.
• Defending the trust against legal challenges.

Trusts are broadly divided into two categories — living trusts and testamentary trusts with the former activating during the lifetime of the Settlor and the latter typically being activated at the time of the Settlor’s death by a provision in the Settlor’s Will. Living trusts can be further sub-divided into revocable and irrevocable living trusts while a testamentary trust is always revocable because a Will is always revocable. As the names imply, a revocable trust is one that can be modified or revoked by the Settlor at any time and for any reason whereas an irrevocable trust cannot be modified or revoked, once activated, by the Settlor.

A trust is formally created using a written legal document called a “trust agreement.” The trust agreement reflects the terms of the trust as created by the Settlor. Though you probably do not ever think about it, you likely enter into oral trust agreements all the time. For example, if you asked a co-worker to hold a package for you while you are on vacation and give it to your niece when she arrives from out of town, you have created a trust wherein you are the Settlor, your co-worker is the Trustee and your niece is the beneficiary of the trust.

Once upon a time, trusts were predominantly used by wealthy families to control the family fortune and to pass it down through the generations without incurring taxes. Those days are long gone. In fact, trusts are now found in the average estate plan given how user-friendly they are and how versatile they are. While high net worth individuals do still utilize trusts with great frequency, individual’s with a modest estate can also now benefit from incorporating a trust into their estate plan as well.

At its most basic, a trust is a relationship whereby property is held by one party for the benefit of another.  A trust is created by a Settlor, also referred to as a Grantor or Maker, who transfers property to a Trustee. The Trustee holds that property for the trust’s beneficiaries. The beneficiaries may be current and/or future beneficiaries and may be an individual, a charity or organization, or even the family pet.

I’ve also been asked, “What if I create a joint tenancy with my child?”. This is a very problematic option for estate planning. The problem is, you will avoid probate, but if your child has any personal drama, debts, lawsuits, or judgements against them, predators on the court will be able to reach the joint tenancy property. Also, making your child a joint tenant will give your child the ability to take out loans on the property or refinance.

Over half of all seniors in long-term care (LTC) rely on Medicaid (Medi-Cal in California) to cover the high cost of that care. Again, because you are statistically more likely to outlive your spouse, you need to plan ahead for the possibility that you will one day need LTC. Conversely, Medi-Cal planning is also important to ensure that your spouse does not deplete your entire nest egg with his LTC expenses, leaving you with nothing

This is often overlooked by couples. The way in which you title assets can determine whether the asset is required to go through the probate process or is automatically transferred to the surviving spouse upon the death of one spouse. Titling assets as joint owners with rights of survivorship means that the asset will bypass probate upon the death of one owner and that owner’s interest in the asset will transfer directly to the surviving owner (spouse).

The odds are good that you will outlive your spouse. This makes retirement planning even more important for you as a woman. You need to be certain that you will have sufficient assets and income to live comfortably if your spouse is the first to go. Because retirement planning and estate planning are so closely related, and a change in one plan almost always affects the other plan, it is always best to combine your retirement and estate planning into one cohesive plan.

Incapacity planning should be part of your estate plan from the beginning because incapacity can strike at any time and to anybody. Without an incapacity plan in place, you have no way of knowing who will make health care decisions for you, who will take over control of your assets, or who will make personal decisions if you cannot make them yourself.

Ultimately, this is a decision you must make after consulting with your estate planning attorney; however, as a general rule, it is usually better for spouses to create plans that work in harmony with one another but that remain separate. Because there is no way to know, with certainty, what the future will bring, you do not want to create an estate plan that is completely dependent on your spouse’s plan to function properly.

The most well-known benefit of executing a Will is knowing that you will not die intestate. If you fail to execute at least a basic Will prior to your death, the California intestate succession laws will decide how your estate assets are distributed. Typically, this means that only a spouse and/or very close relatives will inherit from your estate. Close friends, charities, and more distant relatives will receive nothing from your estate. In addition, executing a Will allows you the only official opportunity you will have to nominate a Guardian for your minor children in the event one is ever needed.

Statistically, women are more likely to outlive their spouse, ultimately leaving them to be the one to pass down the marital assets to children and other beneficiaries. Women also tend to me the caretakers of the family, making them more likely to be concerned with issues such as guardians for minor children and even plans for again parents. Finally, more and more women are becoming entrepreneurs, adding in another important estate planning consideration into an already lengthy list of estate planning components. For these reasons, and more, estate planning for women is important.

If you are single, only your Conservator would have that authority.

Again, if you haven’t planned, nobody can act for you until the court appoints a Guardian and/or Conservator for you. If bills, such as your son’s tuition, need to be paid in the interim, a friend or family member would have to use their savings or borrow to pay the bill.

A court would have to appoint a Conservator. Nobody but the Conservator would be able to act for you.

Your family or friends must go to your local court and have someone appointed your Conservator. Again, this judge probably does not know you and may not appoint the same person you would choose. In the appointment process, people must testify in open court that you do not have the ability to care for yourself. It can be draining financially and emotionally. Your Conservator would have to report to the court for as long as you are disabled.

Unless you have planned properly, you probably will be kept on life support. In most states, you will be kept on life support unless there is clear evidence you expressed wishes to the contrary; usually this requires something in writing.

Depending on the state, if your family members agree, they can make that decision. However, if family members disagree, you could be back with the local judge getting a Guardian appointed.

A local judge would have to appoint a Guardian who would make that decision. Of course, the judge may not choose the same person you would have chosen.

Yes. If you’re part of the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender community, a Living Trust offers protection for your estate, as well. It will completely eliminate a living probate, a death probate, and you can minimize or eliminate estate taxes. Further, it allows you to override the laws that may fail to recognize the importance of your relationship.

Yes. The default in state law, called “intestacy,” is designed with married couples in mind. If a married couple dies without any estate plan, the survivor will get a good portion of the assets left behind. However, if you are unmarried, unless you are in a state that legally recognizes domestic partnerships or civil unions and you have registered as such, the survivor would get nothing. Instead, the family of origin of the unmarried partner who died would get anything in that partner’s name, including bank accounts, real estate, etc.

Only your Will is a matter of public record. Your Revocable Living Trust and your Powers of Attorney are not public. Therefore, by using a Revocable Living Trust you can maintain the privacy of your wishes. Prying eyes of co-workers and neighbors will not have access to the details of your estate plan.

Maybe. Federal law allows married couples to give each other an unlimited amount of property without gift tax during life or estate tax at death. Federal law does not recognize non-marriage relationships. However, each person gets to give up to his or her tax exclusion during their lifetime to anyone they want. But, any use during lifetime reduces the amount available for transfers at death. In addition, anyone can make a gift to any other person, called the Annual Gift Tax Exclusion, without gift tax and without reducing his or her estate tax exclusion.

Unless your spouse or partner has adopted your minor children, a court would decide what would be in the child’s best interest. Typically, your family of origin and that of the child’s other biological parent are given preference by the court. However, in your last Will, you can nominate your spouse or partner to be the guardian for your minor child. The court will then give weight to your suggestion while weighing what is in the child’s best interest.

Yes, if you are married or in a registered relationship and in a state which recognizes that relationship. However, if you’re unmarried and either, 1) not in such a registered relationship, or 2) you are in a state which does not recognize that relationship, then default state law allows your partner’s family of origin rather than you to make those decisions. However, if your spouse or partner designates you as agent under their Health Care Power of Attorney, then you would be able to make such decisions.

If you are married or in a state that recognizes civil unions or domestic partnerships and you register as such, proof of such marriage or registration would be sufficient. Otherwise, you would need to have your spouse or partner designate you as agent under their Health Care Power of Attorney. The agent also can limit other visitors.

If you are in a marriage, registered domestic partnership, or civil union, your spouse or partner can make those decisions for you. If you are not in a registered relationship, then state law would recognize your family of origin to make those decisions. However, you can override state law and give your partner the authority to make such decisions by signing a Health Care Power of Attorney. With such a document, when you are unable to make your own medical decisions, your partner can step in and speak for you. Further, this document will designate your partner as your choice to be guardian for you if one needs to be appointed. Without such a designation, your family of origin would have priority for such an appointment.

No, you have to do estate planning in order to allow your spouse or partner to have that authority. Specifically, by designating your spouse or partner as agent under a General Durable (Financial) Power of Attorney, he or she can make decisions on your behalf regarding financial matters.

You will be treated as “legal strangers” for purposes of state and federal laws. As a result, if you do not have an estate plan, your partner would not have the right to inherit from you, have preference to be appointed your guardian, or many other rights you would assume a spouse would have.

There are still many places and people who are reluctant to recognize your marital rights. Additionally, there are many other important reasons to create an estate plan, such as avoiding probate, minimizing taxes and providing creditor and divorce protection for beneficiaries.

No. These various relationships affect state law rights and responsibilities only in the states which recognize them. Only marriage is respected by the federal government. As a result, unmarried same-sex couples will not get federal benefits, such as social security survivorship benefits.

I’m also asked, “How do I fund my trust?”. Well funding a trust occurs when the assets that you own as an individual, are transferred into your trust. For example, at the Collins Law Group, we provide our clients with funding letters which they present, in person, to their financial institutions, to ensure that their bank accounts are properly transferred into trust. When it comes to real estate, we prepare quick-claim deeds for our clients to ensure that their real estate is properly transferred into trust.

I often get asked, “What will happen to my property if I die without a will or a trust?”. Well if you die without a will or a trust, the state determines who will be your ultimate heirs, through a court supervised process called probate. Probate is a public process, it’s a costly process, and worst of all, it can be a lengthy process. It typically takes anywhere between six months to a year, but if you have family drama, it’ll take much longer than that.

I’m often asked, “Can I revoke my trust, or can I make changes to my trust?” And the answer is yes. Making minor changes is generally called an amendment and making multiple, major changes at one time, is called a restatement. And you can always revoke your trust at any time while you are alive.

Social Security will continue to send out benefit checks until they are notified of an individual’s death. The executor/spouse/trustee should contact the local Social Security Administration office and notify them of the death, or if a benefit check is received, send it back with a letter notifying them. This is important. If checks continue to be deposited, the recipient can incur liability later when Social Security learns of the recipient’s death.

If you are a relative of the deceased, this is simple in most states. To transfer the title of vehicles owned by the deceased, simply take the death certificate to the DMV, and perform the transfer, paying whatever fees they require. If not a relative, bringing along the will and or any trust documents indicating your status should be sufficient.

The answer depends upon the language of the trust document. Certain trusts include “pick and choose” language that allows trustees to selectively place assets into the “B” trust.

While having a living trust can significantly reduce costs compared to probate, there is still a considerable amount of work to be done in properly administering even a simple living trust. The services of an attorney are required, and that person or firm should be compensated fairly for their services. It is important to remember that the fees allowed for trust administration are usually much lower than those for probate, and there is generally less work involved, as there is less involvement of the courts and state bureaucracy.

To summarize the process, trust administration can be broken into five basic steps:

1. Inventory assets
2. Determine estate tax
3. Division of trust assets
4. File the Federal and State tax forms
5. Distributions to beneficiaries

Although the trust administration process seems relatively straightforward, there are several reasons it can sometimes be drawn out over several months or even years. The first step, the inventory of assets, must be completed before the trust administration can begin, and this can be difficult to complete depending upon the prior organization and the size and complexity of the decedent’s assets. Next, the 706 estate tax return must be filed within 9 months, or 15 months if an extension is filed. Often, it is prudent to wait until the last minute to file this form. If the spouse of the decedent is in failing health and may pass away before the deadline, then both 706 forms can be used to maximize tax advantages to the estate. The final step, asset distribution, cannot take place until the 706 has been filed, and even then should not take place until the “Closing Letter” is received from the IRS certifying acceptance of the 706 return. This closing letter will take a minimum of 6 to 8 months, and as long as 3 years, to arrive after the 706 is filed. In addition, there may be a state estate or inheritance tax return required, even if a federal return is not required.

Probate begins and ends with the special Probate Court set up in each state to handle estate issues. (Sometimes known as the Orphan’s or Chancery Court in certain states.) All actions taken regarding the estate are accountable to this court, and must be noted and reported regularly. This court is staffed by special judges qualified to oversee estate resolution issues.

Depending on the complexity of the estate and the thoroughness with which accounting has been carried out before death, probate can either be a relatively simple task or a daunting one. Be aware that no matter the situation, probate may be a lengthy process often taking months or possibly years to play out, and one which may take a considerable amount of an executor’s time.

To summarize the process, probate can be broken into six basic steps:

1. Validation of the Will
2. Appoint executor
3. Inventory estate
4. Pay claims against the estate
5. Pay estate taxes
6. Distribute remaining assets

Each of these steps involve legal documentation and validation, and more importantly, proper accounting each step of the way.

Probate is designed to create a “final accounting” upon death. It is the legal process of “proving up” a Will, or verifying that a Will is valid, takes place in one of two instances. First, if a person dies leaving behind a Will, or second, if the deceased has died intestate, that is, has not left behind a Will or estate plan of any type or the Will cannot be found.

The best approach is to meet with an attorney who understands the Legacy Wealth Planning process. This will ensure you address the financial and non-financial assets of your family. The right attorney will help you, first, set up a Family Wealth Trust to preserve your financial legacy. Then, you will be educated about completing the My Legacy workbook, to share in your own words about your life story, family history, memories, and life lessons. And finally, writing a Legacy Planning Letter to distribute your cherished possessions with sentimental value.

YES, but you would be better off choosing an attorney whose practice is focused on estate planning. Members of the American Academy of Estate Planning Attorneys receive continuing legal education on the latest changes in any law affecting estate planning, allowing them to provide you with the highest quality estate planning service anywhere.

No. A Family Wealth Trust can help anyone who wants to protect his or her family from unnecessary probate fees, attorney’s fees, court costs and federal estate taxes. In fact, the Family Wealth Trust offers substantial protection for your family, regardless of your total estate. In addition to savings at death, especially if your estate is over $100,000, the Family Wealth Trust also provides savings and peace of mind during life, because it avoids the expense and emotional nightmare of an incapacity or “living probate” proceeding. Also, a Family Wealth Trust protects spouses in the event of remarriage after one spouse dies and affords greater protection for children.

You can certainly go back to the attorney you worked with before, however, few attorneys offer Legacy Wealth Planning. If you want Legacy Wealth Planning, contact a member of the American Academy of Estate Planning Attorneys.

Very few estate planning attorneys offer Legacy Wealth Planning. A “bare bones” living trust covers probate avoidance and usually ignores important issues to protect you, your spouse (if married) and your children. Bring your existing trust to your free one-hour consultation and we can review it for you.

NO. The Family Wealth Trust has been authorized by the law for centuries. The government really has no interest in making you or your family suffer a probate that will only further clog up the legal system. A Family Wealth Trust avoids probate so that your estate is settled exactly according to your wishes.

YES. In fact, all real estate should be transferred into your Family Wealth Trust. Otherwise, upon your death, depending on how you hold the title, there will be a death probate in every state in which you hold real property. When your real property is owned by your Family Wealth Trust, there is no probate anywhere.

NO. The purpose of creating a Family Wealth Trust is to avoid living probate, death probate, and reduce or even eliminate federal estate taxes. It’s not a vehicle for reducing income taxes. In fact, if you’re the trustee of your Family Wealth Trust, you will file your income tax returns exactly as you filed them before the trust existed. There are no new returns to file and no new liabilities are created.

YES. In fact, most people who create a Family Wealth Trust act as their own trustees. If you are married, you and your spouse can act as co-trustees. And you will have absolute and complete control over all of the assets in your trust. In the event of a mentally disabling condition, your hand-picked successor trustee assumes control over your affairs, not the court’s appointee.

Not only does a Family Wealth Trust provide for the disposition of your property (like a Will), but it also offers the following benefits:

1. Provides for the immediate transfer or trust management and distribution in the future of assets after death;
2. Allows for a smooth transition of management upon incapacity or death;
3. Avoids the expense and hassle of probate proceedings;
4. Minimizes estate taxes and defers payment of estate taxes for married couples;
5. Allows for continued control over assets after death or incapacity;
6. Provides security to you and your loved ones;
7. Protects your children’s inheritance from their own potential divorce;
8. Safeguards your estate for your kids if your surviving spouse remarries;
9. Offers flexibility.

Unfortunately, you would be subject to “living probate,” also known as a conservatorship or guardianship proceeding. If you become mentally disabled before you die, the probate court will appoint someone to take control of your assets and personal affairs. These “court-appointed agents” must file a strict accounting of your finances with the court. The process is often expensive, time-consuming and humiliating.

Most Revocable Living Trusts are primarily concerned with avoiding probate and estate taxes. A Family Wealth Trust offers lifetime benefits, and protects wealth for current and future generations.

A Will is a legal document that describes how your assets should be distributed in the event of death. The actual distribution, however, is controlled by a legal process called probate, which is Latin for “prove the Will.” Upon your death, the Will becomes a public document available for inspection by all comers. And, once your Will enters the probate process, it’s no longer controlled by your family, but by the court and probate attorneys. Probate can be cumbersome, time-consuming, expensive, and emotionally traumatic during a family’s time of grief and vulnerability. Con artists and others with less-than-pure financial motives have been known to use their knowledge about the contents of a will to prey on survivors. A Living Trust avoids probate because your property is owned by the trust, so technically there’s nothing for the probate courts to administer. Whomever you name as your “successor trustee” gains control of your assets and distributes them exactly according to your instructions. There is one other crucial difference: A Will doesn’t take effect until your death, and is therefore no help to you during lifetime planning, an increasingly important consideration since Americans are now living longer. A Family Wealth Trust can help you preserve and increase your estate while you’re alive, and offers protection should you become mentally disabled.

A Family Wealth Trust is the main component of a Legacy Wealth Plan and covers important issues other than avoiding probate.

YES. But your family may not like it. The government’s estate plan is called “Intestate Probate” and guarantees government interference in the disposition of your estate. Documents must be filed and approval must be received from a court to pay your bills, pay your spouse an allowance, and account for your property–and it all takes place in the public’s view. If you fail to plan your estate, you lose the opportunity to protect your family from an impersonal, complex governmental process that can become a nightmare. Then there is the matter of the federal government’s death taxes. There is much you can do in planning your estate that will reduce and even eliminate death taxes, but you don’t suppose the government’s estate plan is designed to save your estate from taxes, do you? While some estate planners favor Wills and others prefer a Family Wealth Trust as the Estate Plan of Choice, all estate planners agree that dying without an estate plan should be avoided at all costs.

Traditional estate planning is focused on financial assets and is concerned with avoiding probate and estate taxes. On the other hand, Legacy Wealth Planning is concerned with financial and non-financial assets of a family and creating a family’s personal legacy plan. Legacy Wealth Planning addresses how to capture and transfer family traditions and values, as well as protecting financial wealth for current and future generations.

Most of us spend a considerable amount of time and energy in our lives accumulating wealth. With this, there comes a time to preserve wealth both for enjoyment and future generations. A solid, effective estate plan ensures that your hard-earned wealth will remain intact as it passes to your beneficiaries, instead of being siphoned off to government processes and bureaucrats.

Traditional estate planning (Wills and Trusts) focuses on the accumulation, the preservation, and the distribution of only your financial assets and worldly possessions. It protects material wealth from probate and minimizes taxes.

Legacy Wealth Planning is the creation of a definitive plan for managing your total wealth while you’re alive, distributing your estate how you choose after your death, and a clear plan to pass on your legacy. Your estate includes all assets of any value that you own. This includes non-financial assets as well as financial assets, including real property, business interests, investments, insurance proceeds, retirement accounts and personal property. Your legacy incorporates important decisions ensuring your family core values, responsible behaviors and community involvement are passed on to future generations. Keep in mind, your legacy also includes personal effects, such as family heirlooms, stories, and accumulated wisdom and life lessons of your family.

Yes. If you’re part of the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender community, a Living Trust offers protection for your estate, as well. It will completely eliminate a living probate, a death probate, and you can minimize or eliminate estate taxes. Further, it provides privacy from prying eyes.

Yes. The default in state law, called “intestacy,” is designed with married couples in mind. If a married couple dies without any estate plan, the survivor will get a good portion of the assets left behind. However, if you’ve not married, or you are in a state that does not recognize domestic partnership or civil union, your survivor would get nothing. Instead, the family of origin of the partner who died would get anything in that partner’s name, including bank accounts, real estate, etc.

Only your Will is a matter of public record. Your Revocable Living Trust and your Powers of Attorney are not public. Therefore, by using a Revocable Living Trust you can maintain the privacy of your wishes. Prying eyes of co-workers and neighbors will not have access to the details of your estate plan.

Maybe. Federali law allows married couples to give each other an unlimited amount of property without gift tax during life or estate tax at death. Federal law does not recognize non-marriage relationships. However, each person gets to give up to his or her tax exclusion during their lifetime to anyone they want. But, any use during lifetime reduces the amount available for transfers at death. In addition, anyone can make a gift to any other person, called the Annual Gift Tax Exclusion, without gift tax and without reducing his or her estate tax exclusion.

Unless your spouse or partner has adopted your minor children, a court would decide what would be in the child’s best interest. Typically, your family of origin and that of the child’s other biological parent are given preference by the court. However, in your last Will, you can nominate your spouse or partner to be the guardian for your minor child. The court will then give weight to your suggestion while weighing what is in the child’s best interest.

Yes, if you are married or in a registered relationship and in a state which recognizes that relationship. However, if you’re either, i) not married or in a registered relationship, or ii) you are in a state which does not recognize that registered relationship, then default state law allows your partner’s family of origin rather than you to make those decisions. However, if your spouse or partner designates you as agent under their Health Care Power of Attorney, then you would be able to make such decisions.

If you are married or in a state that recognizes civil unions or domestic partnerships and you register as such, proof of such registration would be sufficient. Otherwise, you would need to have your spouse or partner designate you as agent under their Health Care Power of Attorney. The agent also can limit other visitors.

If you are in a marriage, registered domestic partnership, or civil union, recognized by the state in which you live, your spouse or partner can make those decisions for you. If you are not in a registered relationship, or that relationship is not recognized by your state, then state law would recognize your family of origin to make those decisions. However, you can override state law and give your spouse or partner the authority to make such decisions by signing a Health Care Power of Attorney. With such a document, when you are unable to make your own medical decisions, your spouse or partner can step in and speak for you. Further, this document will designate your spouse or partner as your choice to be guardian for you if one needs to be appointed. Without such a designation, your family of origin may have priority for such an appointment.

No, you have to do estate planning in order to allow your spouse or partner to have that authority. Specifically, by designating your spouse or partner as agent under a General Durable (Financial) Power of Attorney, he or she can make decisions on your behalf regarding financial matters.

There are many important reasons to create an estate plan, such as avoiding probate, minimizing taxes and providing creditor and divorce protection for beneficiaries.

No. These various relationships affect state law rights and responsibilities only in the states which recognize them. Only marriage is respected by the federal government.